Non-healing wounds from diabetes and arterial circulation problems mostly occur in the legs.  Ulcers are sores that develop due to inadequate oxygenation and poor circulation.
Wound healing is also made more difficult if the wound develops in a highly contaminated environment or becomes overly infected. Another wound that is difficult to heal is inflammation and necrosis of the skin, mucous membranes, other tissues or even bone following tumour irradiation. If the body's immune defences are weakened for whatever reason, you can also expect wound healing complications.
The sores occur mostly on the toes and feet. Wounds are painful and need to be taken seriously because they can easily lead to the loss of a limb.
 
Any wound is typically oxygen deficient, even a "healthy" wound. The continuity of the tissue is disrupted, so the continuity of the blood vessels is disrupted, and the circulation is damaged at that point. A healthy wound heals because the cells' response to the altered, hypoxic environment is all about regeneration. If healing is delayed for some reason, it reaches a point where wound healing becomes stuck and may even reverse and deteriorate. This is when you need outside help.
The most important effect of extra oxygen is that it restarts the formation of capillaries, which is essential for tissue regeneration. It also has a direct anaerobic bactericidal effect and enhances the effectiveness of antibiotics. It reduces inflammation by decreasing the levels of inflammatory mediators, reduces infection, supports white blood cell function, stimulates and creates an ideal environment for cell division and the formation of sarcoid tissue. The formation of connective tissue cells and connective tissue materials is also an oxygen-demanding process.
HBOT shortens recovery time and reduces the incidence or severity of complications.
 In addition to hyperbaric oxygen therapy, daily dressing with modern bandages, keeping blood glucose in the normal range, relieving the limb and taking antibiotics if necessary are important in the care of these wounds. In many cases, their combined use is the only way to save the limb from amputation.
The treatment number can be decided in a medical consultationHealing non-healing wounds is the oldest and most researched activity of hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
In all cases, the timing and number of HBOT treatments will be proposed after consultation.

Tinnitus is not only affecting the elderly, it is also increasingly affecting the younger generation. Most people don't take the problem seriously because of their age, hoping that their young body will quickly overcome the unpleasant symptom and the noise will go away after a day or two, perhaps with a little rest. But if your tinnitus lasts for more than a day or two, it's time to see a doctor.

Tinnitus/deafness may have ear, nose and throat, internal medicine, neurological causes. The cause found determines the therapy used. In many cases, it is not possible to find the exact cause, leaving the choice of empirical treatment, but preferably the treatment with the fewest side effects.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been shown to be effective in cases where the tinnitus has been present for less than 3-6 months and is caused by loud noise, noise pollution (concert, explosion, gunshot, firecracker, other loud noise even for a short period of time) or a blow to the head, concussion. This type of tinnitus is often accompanied by hearing loss.

According to the Professional Protocol prepared by the College of Otolaryngology for the Ministry of Health, hyperbaric oxygen therapy is recommended for the treatment of some cases of tinnitus.

In the case of sudden onset of tinnitus and/or hearing loss of less than 3-6 months, the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy is also considered well established and proven by the European Hyperbaric Society (EUBS). Symptom relief can also be achieved for tinnitus that has persisted for longer or for other causes, such as inflammation or circulatory problems, but the outcome is uncertain.

The treatment number can be decided in a medical consultation.

The strategy for the treatment of cancer, the treatment to be chosen, is determined by the nature of the tumour, its location, its tissue type and its extent.

One of the most common ways to treat cancer is radiotherapy. However, this also destroys the faster dividing cells in the body along with the tumour cells. The most common region is the head and neck area and the pelvic organs. The side effects of radiotherapy also affect other tissues in the irradiated area. Swelling, inflammation, ulceration and bleeding of the oral mucosa, bladder and intestinal wall may occur, which in severe cases can lead to tissue necrosis.

Bone loss develops primarily and typically after the invasion of oral cavity tumours in the cheekbone or jawbone.

Cartilage necrosis can be a complication of laryngeal radiation.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is recommended for faster and more complete regeneration of tissue destruction as a side effect of radiotherapy. In such cases, HBOT promotes, triggers and accelerates the healing of damaged tissue.

Bone tissue is typically one of the poorly oxygenated tissue types and therefore heals slowly. Oxygen delivered through hyperbaric oxygen therapy increases healthy bone cell division, reduces oedema and inflammation and helps rebuild capillaries. The healing of bone tissue depends to a large extent on the oxygen supply. The oxygen inhaled at high pressure helps bone cells to divide, reduces oedema and inflammation, and also contributes to capillary rebuilding. It has a bacteriotoxic effect on the typically anaerobic bacteria found in the oral cavity.

Ideally, in the case of jaw damage, it is advisable to start HBO before bone damage repair or other dental or surgical procedures, and then continue the treatment after oral surgery.

HBOT shortens recovery time and reduces the incidence or severity of complications.

The treatment of bone or soft tissue after irrigation is one of the so-called type II indications, which means that it is an accepted indication and the current view of medicine is that hyperbaric oxygen treatment has a clear positive effect on healing.

The treatment number can be decided in a medical consultation.

It is mostly pathogens that enter the bone from an infectious source in the body through the bloodstream that are responsible for the development of osteomyelitis. Trauma often precedes infection. The source of infection can be implanted foreign material, even years after implantation (hip replacement). The extent and severity of the inflammation depends on the body's defences. In patients with a strong immune system, the process remains localised in the affected bone. The diagnosis is established by inflammatory laboratory values, X-rays and bone scintigraphy. Treatment is mainly antibiotics, in most cases - if this is unsuccessful - surgery.

Bone is typically and essentially a tissue with poor circulation. Both the immune cells, the "killer" white blood cells that kill bacteria, and the antibiotics that are injected into the bloodstream have difficulty reaching the area in question or reaching therapeutic levels in the bone. It is a known fact that killer white blood cells use oxygen to kill bacteria by forming reactive oxygen species, and that antibiotics are most effective in the presence of oxygen. The absorption of dead bone is carried out by so-called "osteoclast" cells, whose function is also an oxygen-dependent activity.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves the circulation of the infected bone tissue, the effect of the antibiotics reaches the area in question and the effectiveness of the immune system is increased. HBOT is an anti-inflammatory and pain reliever, promoting the regeneration of healthy bone tissue. HBOT shortens recovery time and reduces the incidence or severity of complications.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has a proven effect in cases of osteoarthritis. It typically requires a higher number of therapies.

The treatment number can be decided in a medical consultation.

In skin transplantation, other tissue transplantation, limb transplantation, the most important healing phase is the phase of attachment of the transplanted organ and avoiding complications. The most serious complication, apart from the infection, is that the new tissue cannot attach to the host surface with new capillaries in time, its circulation deteriorates, it is rejected and dies.

The risk of complications is particularly high in cases where the patient's circulation was already impaired, e.g. due to diabetes, previous irradiation, atherosclerosis.

In such cases, timely or preventive hyperbaric oxygen therapy is an important aid.

In the context of previous unsuccessful transplantation, it is recommended to have a HBOT treatment before the new surgery. This will increase the success rate of transplantation.

The most important effect of extra oxygen is that it restarts capillary formation, which is essential for tissue adhesion and survival. It reduces the risk of infection, has a direct anaerobic bactericidal effect and enhances the effectiveness of antibiotics, supporting white blood cell function. It reduces inflammation by decreasing the levels of inflammatory mediators. The formation of connective tissue cells and connective tissue materials is also an oxygen-demanding process.

The treatment number will be proposed after a medical consultation.

Burns are usually caused by heat, but can also be caused by chemicals, radiation, sunlight and electricity.

Thermal and chemical burns are usually caused by heat or chemicals being applied to a body surface, most commonly the skin. So the skin suffers most of the damage. However, more serious surface burns can reach deeper tissues, including fatty tissue, muscle or bone.

When a tissue is burnt, fluid leaks from the blood vessels, causing swelling and pain. In addition, damaged skin and other parts of the body surface can easily become infected, as they are unable to play their protective role against pathogens.

The depth of injury is defined as first, second or third degree burns.

Most minor burns are superficial and uncomplicated. In contrast, deep second- and third-degree burns are swollen and take longer to heal, with a significant number of complications.

The progression and healing of skin damage and necrosis due to freezing is a similar process.

The most common complications are dehydration, inflammation and infection.

The treatment of burns and freezing is a specialised surgical task in specialised hospital wards.

The most important effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy is that it restarts the formation of capillaries, which is essential for tissue regeneration. It reduces inflammation by decreasing the levels of inflammatory mediators, reduces infection, supports white blood cell function. It stimulates and creates an ideal environment for cell division and the formation of sarcoid tissue. The formation of connective tissue cells and connective tissue materials is also an oxygen-demanding process. It also has a direct anaerobic bactericidal effect and enhances the effectiveness of antibiotics.

HBOT shortens recovery time and reduces the incidence or severity of complications.

The planned number of HBOT treatments will be recommended in a medical consultation, based on the extent and duration of the injury.

The central retinal artery is the main nourishing blood vessel of the eye's retina. In rare cases, it can be completely blocked due to arteriosclerosis or a blood clot or inflammation of a blood vessel. In people with glaucoma, diabetes or high blood pressure, various pathological processes can lead to blockage of the blood vessels.

When the central retinal artery becomes blocked, vision in the affected eye is suddenly but painlessly lost.  The treatment of central retinal vessel occlusion has been included in the proven procedures of hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has a proven effect in cases started within 8 hours. In the case of painless sudden vision loss, hyperbaric oxygen therapy should be started within 24 hours.

In older cases, the outcome of HBOT is uncertain, with decreasing results.

In a stroke with a blood vessel blockage (embolism) or bleeding (haemorrhage), the area of the brain associated with the vessel in question is deprived of oxygen, so part of it is irreversibly destroyed and the other part is so damaged that it loses function. During stroke rehabilitation, the damaged, non-functioning area of the brain is regenerated to the point where it is reconnected to function, and some of the lost function is restored to the patient's movements.

Studies have also suggested the ability of nerve cells to regenerate, but this needs to be investigated further.

The main effect of HBOT is that it promotes the re-formation of capillaries in the areas that have lost function, allowing these areas to re-engage.

HBOT is an effective complement to other rehabilitation activities (physiotherapy, manual therapy, logotherapy). The effect is to reduce painful muscle stiffness, maximise the magnitude of the return to function and shorten the time it takes. Last but not least, the patient's overall workload is increased.

HBOT is widely used in stroke rehabilitation around the world, with double-blind control trials being commissioned to evaluate the results. The number of treatments depends on the age of the patient, the extent of the stroke, the time of the stroke, and the accompanying diseases.

The residual symptoms of a coronavirus infection can torture the covid-infected people for weeks or months, which is why it is called prolonged covid or long-covid, post-covid. The underlying cause is tissue inflammation and hypercoagulation in the central nervous system in response to viral invasion.  

The list of symptoms is long and affects a wide variety of organ systems.

The most common post-Covid symptoms:

tiredness

pain

headache

distraction

hair loss

breathlessness, cough

disturbance of sense of taste, smell

sleep disorder

memory loss, "brain fog"

persistent mood disorder

anxiety, PTSD

Although the late complications of corona virus infection and their treatment are still under intensive research, what is known is that HBOT is effective in treating these symptoms. Two working groups also published a large number of case reports with results. Our current knowledge is that symptom relief is proportional to the number of treatments. However, no data has yet been collected in the literature from which clear conclusions can be drawn.

HBOT primarily plays a role in reducing inflammatory symptoms, with indirect effects such as capillary regeneration, oedema reduction, increase in circulating stem cell count, and increasing the antioxidant effect of the body.

The results are certainly encouraging, and the timing and number of HBOT treatments will always be recommended after consultation.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system.

In MS, the malfunctioning immune system attacks, dissolves and destroys the marrow sheath that surrounds the nerve cell extensions. As a result of this damage, the nerve fibre malfunctions: it conducts and/or blocks the impulse more slowly. It is usually most common between the ages of 20 and 40. The incidence is 10-12,000 cases in Hungary and around 2 million worldwide. The disease is more common among women.

The body tries to repair the damage to the fibre sheath with the available support tissue and this is how the hard ('sclerotic') nodules that give the disease its name form. Damage can occur not only along a single nerve fibre but also at multiple points within the central nervous system, hence the term "multiplex".

The course of the disease is very varied, not only do the different subtypes have different symptoms, but almost all patients experience it differently. That is why it is called a multifaceted disease, as the pathological processes in the body manifest themselves in a wide variety of complaints. The most common symptoms are blurred or double vision, slurred or poorly articulated speech, speech impediment, limb weakness or mobility problems, loss of balance, numbness in the body when sitting, standing or walking, difficulty passing stools or urine and marked fatigue.

The disease cannot be cured, its progression can be slowed down and/or symptoms can be alleviated. A course of interferon injections, steroid treatment is used.

We know of many studies on hyperbaric oxygen therapy, yet there is no uniform, established consensus on the certainty of effectiveness. The outcome or its magnitude cannot be accurately predicted in advance.  A wide variation in effectiveness has been reported. It is difficult to standardise patients and set up control groups to carry out correct studies. The scientific evidence needs to be complemented. There is also no agreed position on therapeutic protocols.

For shub, it is advisable to start HBOT as soon as possible, and for maintenance, once a week/every two weeks, continuous treatment is recommended. The effect of HBOT is to slow down the progression of the disease, and to reduce the occasional relapses.

Experience has shown that HBOT should be used as an adjunct to conventional therapies, 1-2 times a year in a shub-free period and at the first signs of a shub when there is a shub.

HBOT also does not cure the underlying disease, but it can reduce its progression and possibly reduce the frequency and severity of shrubs.In all cases, the timing and number of HBOT treatments will be proposed after consultation.

Many professional athletes worldwide use HBOT to speed up their recovery. There are sports where the risk of injury is particularly high: football, ice hockey, athletics, American football, basketball, rugby, skiing, extreme sports, combat sports.

In the last decade the concept of "competition" has reached unprecedented heights. The intensity of sport and the performance of athletes have increased to such an extent that new ways of treating sports injuries are needed. The goal of returning the injured athlete to peak active performance as soon as possible without the risk of re-injury is a pressing concern for individual, team and sporting plans.

 

The use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in shortening the rehabilitation time of sports injuries has become widespread in the last decade. Its use was empirical at first, but thanks to intensive research and clinical studies in other areas of use, objective data in the field of sports injury treatment is also increasing.

The effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) for sports injuries

Immediate effects include a rapid reduction in oedema (water retention) and a simultaneous analgesic effect, in addition to a several-fold increase in the body's O2 level. Late effects include accelerated regeneration of capillaries, connective tissue and other tissues, increased activity of bone-building cells, an increase in the number of stem cells entering the circulation and an increase in antioxidant levels in the body.

Sports injuries heal by maintaining the classic phases of injuries: inflammatory phase, proliferative phase, remodelling phase. Oxygen plays a prominent role in all three phases.

Muscle injuries

Muscle injury can occur in any training session, it is a common feature of the intensive training period: the phenomenon of muscle soreness is not only the result of lactic acid accumulated during anaerobic muscle work, as we have long believed, but mainly microscopic tears in the muscle fibres. Inflammation occurs at the site of the micro-tear, which causes the pain. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy, which improves blood circulation and oxygenation of the muscles, accelerates the regeneration of muscle fibres.

Several studies have shown that hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves the recovery time of muscle injuries and muscle soreness.

Sprains

In everyday life, just as in sport, bruising injuries to several tissues - skin, bone, muscle, other connective tissues, nerves - are common. Trauma damages both the tissue and the blood vessels running through it. The damage causes tissue swelling, which further impairs local circulation. Tissue swelling means a widening of the intercellular fluid space, which increases the distance between capillaries and cells, thus increasing the diffusion pathway of oxygen and further impairing tissue oxygenation. Plasma flows from the damaged blood vessels to the tissues, but without hyperbaric oxygen treatment, its oxygen-carrying capacity is insignificant.

Studies have shown that HBOT treatment reduces recovery time by 30%, acute phase pain and joint immobility by 30%.  [Staples and Clement, 1996].

 

Knee ligament injury

Injury to ligaments and tendons is a slow healing process, oedema is associated with severe pain, and the vascular network is inherently under-represented. A randomised, controlled, double-blind trial was conducted by Soolsma and his team: They investigated the effects of HBOT 72 hours after injury in athletes with grade II medial hamstring injuries. The treatment group breathed 100% oxygen at 2 ATA for 1 hour, while the control group breathed circulating air at 1.2 ATA, both groups 10 times. The HBOT group achieved significant improvements over the control group mainly in the areas of pain, improvement in function, reduction in oedema, range of motion limitation and knee flexion. [Soolsma, 1996].

Cruciate ligament injury

The healing of the tendon-bone junction is a challenging site, and the pace and efficiency of the necessary tissue and vessel regeneration is also difficult. Takeyama and his group investigated the gene expression of procollagenous tissue in injured anterior cruciate ligament after HBO treatment [Takeyama et al. 2007]. The studies were later supplemented by Minhas and his team with the observation that HBOT promotes the synthesis of structural proteins and inhibits degenerative processes. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been shown to have a beneficial effect on the healing of cruciate ligament injuries after primary care, as confirmed by the British Medical Journal Evidence Centre. [Minhas, 2010].

Fractures

Bone is a dynamically changing tissue, characterised by constant remodelling. Some of the bone cells actively build bone, while others break down old bone. Lack of local oxygen is a major limiting factor in the healing of bone fractures. The fracture not only damages the structure and blood supply of the bone, but also the microcirculation around the bone ends - the fine network of blood vessels that surround the tissues - and the venous return, causing tissue bleeding and swelling. The process results in insufficient circulation to damaged tissues that already have a poor blood supply. Tissue oxygenation is reduced, fewer nutrients reach the cells, and less of their breakdown products are transported through the veins. This also reduces the activity of the bone-forming processes that are responsible for healing. All of these factors combine to make it a well-known fact that bone fracture healing is one of the most time-consuming tasks for the body, with healing times usually measured in months. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy speeds up and improves the bone healing process.

Blood clots initially form between the broken bone ends, and after a few days, a skeletal structure forms, into which blood vessels begin to grow. With blood vessels, white blood cells flow into the region and begin to digest blood clots and tissue debris. With the blood flow, fibroblasts, which produce proteins that build tissue structure such as collagen, also migrate to the damaged area and form the collagen matrix that underlies bone formation. At the same time, the cells of the outer connective tissue membrane of the bone begin to divide, producing cartilage- and bone-forming cells. At higher oxygen concentrations, the activity of these cells increases severalfold, so that the scaffold, which now flexibly holds the broken bone ends together, is formed much faster and more efficiently. This initial skeleton is the callus. As the blood vessels continue to grow, ossification begins, followed by the restoration of the original structure of the bone, accompanied by the accumulation and incorporation of the minerals that build up the bone. During these phases, hyperbaric oxygen treatment results in many times the amount of minerals found in normal bone healing being released into the new bone. Uptake of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium increases, and collagen formation increases. Ultimately, bone formation is accelerated, mineral content increases and the new bone that forms is stronger and more resistant due to the treatment.

In the case of complicated fractures (surgical internal fixation, osteosynthesis, bone grafting), healing is often even more complicated and prolonged, with an increased risk of infection.

Summary

The studies show that injuries that benefit most from hyperbaric oxygen therapy are those where the capillary supply of oxygen to the injured tissue is inherently poor, such as tendon, ligament and bone injuries. Injury recovery time can be cut by a third, sometimes half, so you can start gradually rebuilding your training sooner and there will be far less inactivity muscle breakdown. Despite the promising results, the number of cases published in the medical literature is small, influenced by sponsorship and match tactical considerations, other commitments of elite athletes, public press and image building. However, the good news that the classic recovery time from sports injuries can be shortened, and it is not hidden from those for whom every missed day counts.

Cosmetic surgery is becoming increasingly popular. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can shorten the recovery time after these operations, reducing the number of complications.

In cases where the patient has a co-morbid condition such as diabetes, which may delay wound healing or put the patient at higher risk of developing inflammatory complications, the above effects cannot be neglected.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is an ideal aid to recovery after plastic surgery for a number of reasons. Oxygen, thanks to its antibacterial action, plays a particularly important role in wound healing, avoiding the risk of infection and speeding up healing. The therapy also reduces swelling, bruising and inflammation, reduces pain, and induces capillary regeneration.

After plastic surgery, many patients around the world visit hyperbaric centres, with a high number of treatments and a number of institutions established for this purpose. 

No matter how mild or severe the brain injury, it is always accompanied by oedema and swelling. In addition to the damage to nerve cells and brain tissue, the extent, size and duration of this swelling determines the symptoms, affects the extent of brain damage, the speed and outcome of recovery, and the presence and characteristics of late residual symptoms.

Reducing brain oedema is an important pillar of primary treatment for brain injuries.

In the case of a concussion, rest, bed rest, observation and monitoring of changes in symptoms are the key.

No matter how mild the concussion, in 20% of cases a complex of symptoms known as "post-concussion syndrome" can occur. This means difficulty concentrating, mood swings, anxiety, headaches, dizziness, memory problems. The treatment is mostly symptomatic and patience and rest are recommended.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy helps in several ways during recovery from brain injury. It reduces intracranial pressure, reduces the inflammatory response following trauma, regenerates the supporting cells surrounding nerve cells. Reducing oedema has in itself a microcirculatory improving effect. This contributes to increasing the oxygen supply to the area under HBOT and triggering the formation of new capillaries, which makes the improvement in microcirculation permanent.

This disease belongs to the so-called type III indications, which means that, according to the current state of medical science, hyperbaric oxygen therapy is an optional and, in special cases, recommended complementary treatment.

The brain is protected by the hard skull bone and cerebrospinal fluid. Under normal circumstances, the role of cerebrospinal fluid is to prevent the brain from hitting the skull.

A Canadian study shows that the effects of concussions sustained during sport in early adulthood can be felt beyond 30 years and can cause a decline in cognitive and motor function as the athlete ages," said Louis De Beaumont, a researcher at the University of Montreal and the lead author of the study.

No matter how mild the concussion, in 20% of cases a complex of symptoms known as "post-concussion syndrome" can occur. This means difficulty concentrating, mood swings, anxiety, headaches, dizziness, memory problems. Treatment is mostly symptomatic and rest is recommended. Using hyperbaric oxygen therapy, Boussi-Gross and colleagues recently investigated symptom changes in chronic concussion syndrome - beyond four years - and after brain injury. Of 56 patients, two groups were created so that some of the patients received HBOT treatment at the beginning of the study and then had a control month without treatment, or were initially untreated and received HBOT therapy in the second half of the study. Thus, spontaneous improvement or placebo effects were ruled out in the context of change. Tests and investigations were carried out before and after treatment. They found that whichever HBOT treatment schedule they were on, patients always improved after treatment and not during the resting, control period.

Psoriasis is a chronic, fluctuating, immune-mediated inflammation of the skin with a significant genetic predisposition. Steroid, vitamin D, retinoids, immunosuppressants, phototherapy, biological therapy are the backbone of symptomatic treatment.

HBOT may be recommended as an adjunctive treatment to enhance the effectiveness of conventional therapies or to reduce their dose and thus their side effects. In psoriasis, the therapeutic goal is to reduce inflammation and the levels of inflammatory mediators, and to promote capillary regeneration.

However, no data has yet been collected in the literature from which clear conclusions can be drawn. The results are certainly encouraging, but it is difficult to evaluate the studies because psoriasis is a fluctuating disease and the contribution of spontaneous remission cannot be clearly excluded.

Lyme disease consists of a group of symptoms, which is spread by the bite of ticks infected with the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. So not every tick bite causes infection. It is the most common tick-borne disease in Europe and the USA. With timely antibiotic treatment (amoxicillin, doxycycline), 90% of cases can be cured. For the remaining 10%, treatment started late or the antibiotic had difficulty reaching the site in question (e.g. central nervous system).

If an infected tick has bitten and a sufficient number and virulence of bacteria have entered the susceptible organism, one of the most characteristic - although not always observed - symptoms is a coccoid-shaped skin lesion, called erythema migrans, which usually develops at the site of the bite. It grows over time, up to several 10 centimetres. This characteristic skin lesion can be seen the day after the bite in some cases, but in others it can take months to appear. It typically doesn't hurt or itch, so it's sometimes hard to see. The stain is visible for at least a week, but in some cases for months or even a year. It will eventually heal without treatment, but its disappearance does not mean that the pathogen is gone.

Flu-like symptoms may be experienced in the days following the bite. Fever is rare, rather only low fever, mild muscle aches, lethargy, lymph node swelling, sore throat. If a diagnosis is not made and treatment is not started at this stage, the bacteria spread throughout the body will cause further symptoms. It is mainly characterised by muscle and joint pain and swelling of the joints, most often the knees.

Diagnosis and therapy of Lyme disease

The diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms, the fact of the tick bite, possible skin lesions and some special tests. In the latter, the pathogen itself or a specific antibody produced against the bacterium can be detected in blood and tissues. Their presence makes the diagnosis of Lyme disease certain.
Once the onset of the disease is confirmed, the patient should be treated immediately. Treatment is with high doses of antibiotics. In the first stage, this is usually an oral medication, or in complicated cases an intravenous injection.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is used as complementary therapy.

Borrelia bacteria are anaerobic bacteria, i.e. they are sensitive to oxygen and cannot adapt to the biological conditions in the body that are altered by overpressure and pure oxygen, i.e. increased tissue oxygen levels.

Another major significance of this therapy in the treatment of Lyme disease is that oxygen therapy magnifies the effect of antibiotic treatment.

It is also used for its significant anti-inflammatory and capillary re-growth effects.

Jarisch – Herxheimer effect

It should be mentioned that treatment can cause the so-called Jarisch-Herxheimer effect, which is a temporary worsening of symptoms during the bacterial decay phase. When decomposed, the bacteria's toxins are released into the bloodstream. These are usually mild, flu-like symptoms (e.g. nausea, vomiting, headache, increased joint and muscle pain, sweating, hives). The same phenomenon also occurs in response to antibiotics. The phenomenon is temporary, its treatment is symptomatic, and in practice it is interpreted as the effectiveness of the treatment.

In Lyme disease, the number of HBOT treatments (similar to the length of the antibiotic course) is adapted to the life cycle of the Borrelia burgdorferi bacterium.

In the research called Efficancy of using Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy In treatment for Chronic Lyme Disease by Robert M. Lombard, M.D., 43 patients with chronic Lyme disease were treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The study concluded that 36 (84%) of the 43 patients were treated with a significant improvement. The research also showed that patients who were infected by the bacteria before the treatments were more successful than those who had Lyme for decades, and that a patient who had been chronically ill with Lyme for 15 years had a 64% improvement in symptoms after treatment.

In all cases, the timing and number of HBOT treatments will be proposed after consultation.

One in six couples struggle with infertility-related difficulties.In about half of the cases the woman have problems, but in 35% of the cases the man and in 10% of the cases both of them have problems that prevent fertility, and in 5% the cause is unknown. The origins of infertility are extremely complex: physical and psychological obstacles must all be overcome to achieve the blessed state.

Infertility can have many causes, and once these have been identified, treatment will be specific and tailored to the individual. One of the reasons is the inadequate blood supply and thickness of the uterine lining: a lining of 7 mm or less cannot accommodate a fertilised or implanted embryo, so the resulting pregnancy cannot survive. Preparation of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle is therefore essential for the foetus to attach.

Women with too thin an endometrium are advised to take high doses of oestrogen.

For years, doctors have been looking for a natural remedy to significantly increase the uterus' capacity to accommodate the baby. The better the circulation and thickness of the uterine lining, the greater the chance of successful implantation in a fertility procedure. Both infertility and implantation failure depend on many factors, but the circulation and thickness of the uterine lining is always a very important factor. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been shown in many studies to be an appropriate treatment to ensure adequate endometrium thickness and circulation. The 3-year study at the University of Belgrade examined 32 infertile women aged 24-34 who had not previously undergone any fertility treatment. The subjects received 60 minutes of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for 7 consecutive days, starting on day 5 of their cycle.

The average thickness of the endometrium at ovulation in women was 11 +/- 2.6 millimetres after treatment. In addition, the quality and blood supply of the endometrium was also much better during hyperbaric oxygen therapy than during the no-therapy cycle. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is therefore opening up new horizons in the treatment of infertility, giving new hope to hundreds of thousands of women.

The timing and number of HBOT treatments is always decided in consultation with your gynaecologist.

The above diagnosis is outside the direct medical indication of HBOT, the scientific evidence needs to be complemented, the literature reports empirical results.

Experience has shown that HBOT should be used as an adjunct to conventional therapies.

The effects of HBOT include: reduction in inflammatory oedema and biochemical factor activity, improved oxygen transport, reduction in oedema, improvement in capillary function, increase in circulating stem cell count, reduction in mitochondrial dysfunction, increase in antioxidant activity, reduction in scar formation, anaerobic antibacterial effect. 

In all cases, the timing and number of HBOT treatments will be proposed after consultation.

This diagnosis does not fall within the proven indication of HBOT, the scientific evidence needs to be complemented, yet it is increasingly being proposed for use in medical congress forums.

Experience has shown that HBOT should be used as a complementary treatment to conventional therapies to reduce inflammatory symptoms and oxidative stress in the bowel.

HBOT does not cure the underlying disease, but it can reduce its progression and reduce the frequency and severity of relapses. It has a tissue regeneration effect mainly characterized by oxygen deficiency, anaerobic bacterial toxicity, anti-inflammatory, capillary regeneration, increased number of stem cells in the circulation, increased antioxidant activity of the body.

In all cases, the timing and number of HBOT treatments will be proposed after consultation.

 

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is becoming increasingly popular around the world, alongside exercise, nutritional advice and stress relief techniques. Studies show that the DNA changes associated with ageing could be slowed down or even reversed. Treatment pressures and treatment numbers needed to achieve such results are being developed. The results presented in medical journals are measurable for many treatment numbers, the potential is exciting and the field is under intense research.  

However, such use of HBOT is widespread.

In all cases, the timing and number of HBOT treatments will be proposed after consultation.